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Chapter 1. Global Climate Models and Their Limitations
Chapter 2. Feedback Factors and Radiative Forcing
2.6. Methane
2.6.1. Extraction
2.6.2. Concentrations
2.8. Aerosols
2.8.1. Total Aerosol Effect
2.8.2. Biological (Aquatic)
2.8.3. Biological (Terrestrial)
2.8.4. Non-Biological (Anthropogenic)
2.8.5. Non-Biological (Natural)
Chapter 3. Observations: Temperature Records
3.2. Past 1,000 Years
3.2.1. The Hockey Stick
3.2.2. Africa
3.2.3. Antarctica
3.2.4. Arctic
3.2.5. Asia
3.2.6. Europe
3.2.7. North America
3.2.8. South America
3.3. Urban Heat Islands
3.3.1. Global
3.3.2. North America
3.3.3. Asia
3.6. Arctic
3.6.1. Greenland
3.6.2. Rest of Arctic
Chapter 4. Observations: Glaciers, Sea Ice, Precipitation, and Sea Level
4.1. Glaciers
4.1.1. Global
4.1.2. Africa
4.1.3. Antarctic
4.1.4. Arctic
4.1.5. Europe
4.1.6. North America
4.1.7. South America
4.2. Sea Ice
4.2.1. Antarctic
4.2.2. Arctic
4.3. Precipitation Trends
4.3.1. Global
4.3.2. Africa
4.3.3. Arctic
4.3.4. Asia
4.3.5. Europe
4.3.6. United States
4.3.7. Canada and Mexico
4.4. Streamflow
4.4.1. Eurasia
4.4.2. North America
4.5. Sea-level Rise
4.5.1. Mean Global Sea Levels
4.5.2. Antarctica Contribution to Sea Level
4.5.3. West Antarctic Ice Sheet
4.5.4. Greenland Ice Cap
Chapter 5. Solar Variability and Climate Cycles
5.3. Temperature
5.3.1. Global
5.3.2. Northern Hemisphere
5.3.3. North America
5.3.4. South America
5.3.5. Asia
5.3.6. Europe
5.3.7. Other
5.4. Precipitation
5.4.1. North America
5.4.2. South America
5.4.3. Africa
5.4.4. Asia
5.4.5. Europe
Chapter 6. Observations: Extreme Weather
6.1. Droughts
6.1.1. Africa
6.1.2. Asia
6.1.3. Europe
6.1.4. North America
6.2. Floods
6.2.1. Asia
6.2.2. Europe
6.2.3. North America
6.3. Tropical Cyclones
6.3.1. Atlantic Ocean
6.3.2. Indian Ocean
6.3.3. Pacific Ocean
6.3.4. Global
6.4. ENSO
6.4.1. Model Inadequacies
6.4.2. Relationship to Extreme Weather
6.4.3. Relationship to Global Warming
6.5. Precipitation Variability
6.5.1. Africa
6.5.2. Asia
6.5.3. North America
Chapter 7. Biological Effects of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment
7.1. Plant Productivity Responses
7.1.1. Herbaceous Plants
7.1.2. Woody Plants
7.1.3. Aquatic Plants
7.2. Water Use Efficiency
7.2.1. Agricultural Species
7.2.2. Grassland Species
7.2.3. Woody Species
7.3. Amelioration of Environmental Stresses
7.3.1. Disease
7.3.2. Herbivory
7.3.3. Insects
7.3.4. Shade
7.3.5. Ozone
7.3.6. Low Temperatures
7.3.7. Nitrogen Deficiency
7.3.8. High Salinity
7.3.9. Elevated Temperature
7.3.10. UV-B Radiation
7.3.11. Water Stress
7.4. Acclimation
7.4.1. Agricultural Species
7.4.2. Chaparral and Desert Species
7.4.3. Grassland Species
7.4.4. Tree Species
7.5. Competition
7.5.1. C3 vs. C4 Plants
7.5.2. N-Fixers vs. Non-N-Fixers
7.5.3. Weeds vs. Non-Weeds
7.6. Respiration
7.6.1. Herbaceous Plants
7.6.2. Woody Plants
7.7. Carbon Sequestration
7.7.1. CO2 Enhancement and Carbon Sequestration
7.7.2. Decomposition
7.7.3. Temperature and Carbon Sequestration
7.8. Other Benefits
7.8.1. Nitrogen-Use Efficiency
7.8.2. Nutrient Acquisition
7.8.3. Pathogens
7.8.4. Parasitic Plants
7.8.5. Roots
7.8.6. Seeds
7.8.7. Tannins
7.8.8. Transgenic Plants
7.8.9. Isoprene
7.8.10. Microorganisms
7.8.11. Worms
7.9. Greening of the Earth
7.9.1. Africa
7.9.2. Asia
7.9.3. Europe
7.9.4. North America
7.9.5. Oceans
7.9.6. Global
8.1. Explaining Extinction
8.1.1. Defining Extinction
8.1.2. Past Extinctions
8.1.3. Theories of Contemporary Extinctions
8.1.4. Data on Contemporary Species
8.1.5. Rapid Evolutionary Change
8.3. Coral Reefs
8.3.1. Indirect Threats
8.3.2. Direct Threats
8.4. Polar Bears
8.4.1. Arctic Sea Ice
8.4.2. Temperatures
8.4.3. Population
8.4.4. Forecasts
Chapter 9. Human Health Effects
9.1. Diseases
9.1.1. Cardiovascular Diseases
9.1.2. Respiratory Diseases
9.1.3. Malaria
9.1.4. Tick-Borne Diseases
9.1.5. Heat-Related Morbidity
9.2. Nutrition
9.2.1. Food Quantity
9.2.2. Food Quality
9.2.3. Medicinal Constituents
9.5. Biofuels
9.5.1. About Biofuels
9.5.2. Costs and Benefits
9.5.3. Net Emissions
9.5.4. Impact on Food Prices
9.5.5. Use of Water
9.5.6. Conclusion
APPENDIX 2: Plant Dry Weight Responses to Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment
APPENDIX 3: Plant Photosynthesis Responses to Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment
APPENDIX 4: The Petition Project
Appendix 4.1. About the Petition
Appendix 4.2. Qualifications of Signers
Appendix 4.3. Frequently Asked Questions
